Cancer has become a significant public health challenge in India, with nearly three out of every five individuals diagnosed with the disease succumbing to it. A recent analysis by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), based on estimates from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022, highlights the alarming rise in cancer-related deaths, particularly among women.
Rising Mortality Rates Among Women
The data reveals that cancer mortality has increased at a faster rate among women (1.2%–4.4% annual percentage change) compared to men (1.2%–2.4%) over the past decade. This indicates a growing disparity in cancer outcomes, potentially influenced by factors such as late diagnosis, limited access to treatment, and social barriers that prevent women from seeking timely medical care.
Age and Cancer Risk
The analysis further indicates that individuals in middle age and the geriatric population face the highest risk of developing and dying from cancer. In contrast, childhood and reproductive-age individuals have the lowest risk, with cancer-related deaths ranging from 0.08% to 1.3% in these age groups. As India’s population shifts towards an aging demographic, the country is expected to witness its highest-ever cancer burden in the coming years.
The Most Prevalent Cancers in India
Five specific cancer types account for 44% of the total cancer burden in India, affecting both men and women. While the report does not specify these types, previous studies have consistently identified cancers of the lung, breast, cervix, stomach, and oral cavity as among the most common in the country.
Higher Incidence and Mortality Among Women
Despite India’s male population being larger than its female population (0.731 billion men vs. 0.676 billion women in 2022), the data indicates that women exhibit higher crude cancer incidence and mortality rates. This disparity underscores the urgent need for improved screening programs, better healthcare access, and increased awareness to reduce preventable deaths.
A Call for Action
With the cancer burden rising at an unprecedented rate, India faces an impending health crisis. To combat this growing epidemic, early detection, preventive measures, and enhanced healthcare infrastructure are crucial. The findings from GLOBOCAN 2022 serve as a wake-up call for policymakers, medical professionals, and the public to take decisive action in reducing cancer-related deaths and improving overall cancer care in the country.